Introduction
China's Circular Economy Promotion Law (CEPL) is a cornerstone of the country's legal framework for sustainable development. Enacted by the National People's Congress in 2008 and enforced since January 1, 2009, this law promotes environmentally sound production and consumption.
The law was amended on October 26, 2018 to enhance regulatory enforcement and expand its applicability in light of China's ecological civilization goals.
From Linear to Circular
Unlike the traditional linear economy model of "take–make–dispose," the CEPL encourages the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle, aiming for higher resource efficiency, waste minimization, and eco-industrial innovation.
Official Terminology
In Chinese official documents, what the world often calls Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is officially termed:
生产者责任延伸制度
Shēngchǎnzhě Zérèn Yánshēn Zhìdù
Literal Meaning: Producer Responsibility Extension System
Note: This is codified in Article 45 of the CEPL. The English term "EPR" is not used in Chinese legal texts but appears in unofficial translations.
Who Must Comply?
The following entities bear obligations under CEPL:
Producers & Manufacturers
Must ensure eco-design, recyclability, take-back systems, and financing of end-of-life disposal.
Importers & Cross-Border E-Commerce
Foreign sellers importing regulated goods are treated as domestic producers.
Distributors & Retailers
Assist in take-back, information disclosure, and ensuring compliance of products sold.
Authorized Recyclers
Must be licensed and follow strict environmental standards.
Important: Consumers and research institutions do not bear legal obligations.